• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure for obtaining nodular cast iron starting from an efficient installation that differs from conventional gray cast iron since it requires a unique type of furnace, specifically an electric induction melting furnace, and requires a treatment spoon and a casting spoon with a configuration that avoids contact of the broth with oxygen, and in which a series of necessary steps are defined in which the product is treated from an initial metallic charge from conventional smelting material such as scrap, ingots and ferroalloys, in which, in intermediate stages, a spheroidizer and three different inoculants are added to the molten broth, and finally the finished nodular product is obtained. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2608934A1
    申请号:ES201730116
    申请日:2017-02-01
    公开日:2017-04-17
    发明作者:Jesus VELA FERNANDEZ；Martin VELA FERNANDEZ
    申请人:Fundinorte S L；Fundinorte SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    Procedure for obtaining nodular cast iron.
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present specification details a procedure for obtaining nodular cast iron, for which it is based on an efficient installation that differs from conventional gray cast iron since it requires a single type of melting furnace, and in which in said procedure they define a series of necessary stages in which the product is treated from an initial metal load to obtain the finished nodular product, a spheroidizer and three different inoculants being added in intermediate stages.
    Taking this aspect into account, the field of application of the present invention is that of the metallurgy sector, and in particular all those processes related to foundry.
    BACKGROUND
    In the metallurgical sector it is in constant progress and in it the traditional casting procedures are combined with the new industrial techniques. Among the multiple works that are found within the industrial field of the foundry are the works of obtaining gray cast iron, malleable cast iron and nodular cast iron. On the one hand, gray smelting is a type of alloy with which one of the most commonly used ferrous materials is obtained, known as cast iron, being one of the distinctive characteristics of this product that carbon is generally found as graphite, adopting irregular shapes known as flakes. Unlike the gray foundry, which contains these graphite flakes, the nodular foundry has a casting structure that contains graphite particles in the form of small spherical nodules in a ductile metal matrix, so that with this product a product is obtained resistance much greater than in gray cast iron and a considerable degree of ductility. On the other hand, the nodular foundry differs from the malleable cast iron in which it is normally obtained directly in the rough, in addition to the nodules have a more spherical shape than the more or less irregular graphite agglomerates that appear in the malleable cast iron.
    Taking these initial aspects into account, it can be said that the nodular cast iron is a product that enjoys excellent structural and mechanical characteristics, being used in those applications requires strength and toughness in combination with good machinability and low costs, has a density smaller than steel, and has a graphite content that provides an enormous capacity of lubrication in mobile gears due to its low coefficient of friction.
    In this way it can be emphasized that the nodular foundry production process has been subject to a technical evolution that has made the different final products have improved as well as including different elements or additives that have improved the final characteristics of the product.
    As an example, the document is defined EP1270747, which without entering the different stages of its production, discloses a nodular cast iron alloy in which elements of group IIB of the periodic table are added to the initial metal load, thus obtaining a product with a greater plastic deformity.
    Other documents that define manufacturing procedures, such as the EP1126037, which describes adding a unique inoculant unique to that of the present invention as an initial step; FR2511044 which adds an inoculant with a trade name "spherix" with characteristics different from those of the present invention; or GB1527054 which defines an automatic procedure in which a single inoculant is used which is introduced at very high temperatures around 1400 ° C and in a non-existent step in the present invention.
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    There are other types of documents that come within the characteristics of the facilities required to carry out the foundry, such as US2855336 which develops a procedure based on the use of annealing furnaces; or US4252559 which focuses only on improvements in a melting equipment for a general process and in adding cementing agents to the broths that make the new melting equipment more efficient.
    And finally, it is worth mentioning document EP2341154 that defines a process for obtaining nodular cast iron by means of a conventional gray cast iron installation. This fact of using a gray foundry installation, something that appears in some of the previous registers as well, makes that from an operational point of view it may be sufficient in a testing stage, but it is clearly ineffective for the production of nodular cast iron in a way industrial, taking the process to an economically non-viable path, requiring, for example, different furnaces and transfers between them, and it can be said in the same way that this gray foundry installation would be inadequate for the smelting of other elements such as steel, Gold, bronze or lead. Returning to document EP2341154, another aspect to highlight is that it is not economically feasible to carry out gray and nodular castings simultaneously from the same broth, as defined in said registry, given that the raw material for the manufacture of nodular cast iron is of greater quality and noticeably more expensive, which will make it more expensive for the entire smelting process, and if you choose to use raw material suitable for gray smelting, among other things, it will be necessary to have a desulfuration station.
    Taking into account the existing background in the sector related to the present invention, and especially taking into account the last antecedent noted, the need arises to develop a new process for obtaining nodular foundry that is efficient, which requires modifications in conventional gray cast iron installations, and mainly it is necessary to focus on developing new stages in which they are added and include a plurality of particularized agents for the correct development of the process.
    That is why it is considered that the present invention constitutes an innovative solution that differs from the existing methodologies and processes in the state of the art.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    In this report a procedure for obtaining nodular cast iron is detailed, for which part of a particular installation differentiated from conventional gray cast iron installations.
    The required installation requires a unique type of melting furnace, therefore no maintenance furnaces other than the melting furnace are required and the buckets and transfer stages between them are not required, just as the new installation requires a spoon of treatment and of a ladle spoon with particularities that are mainly based on avoiding the contact of the broth with the oxygen, since the conventional contact of the broth with the oxygen rapidly deteriorates the characteristics of the broth. Finally, the casting shells have a particular geometry, mainly in the area of mazarotas, since a correct behavior of the mixture in the solidification is required.
    Having this initial aspect of the particularity of the necessary facilities, the procedure starts from the reception of conventional materials for the smelting and the feeding of the melting furnace of the load of conventional material whose content of carbon equivalent is in the order of 3.8 to 5.2 , the melting furnace being an electric melting furnace by induction.
    The conventional load introduced into said furnace is treated in a treatment spoon, in which spheroidizer and an inoculant are added prior to the introduction of the molten broth to be treated. The concrete process is that at the bottom of the treatment spoon the inoculant and spheroid is poured, and the broth is poured over them. The spheroid is added in
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    a ratio of 0.5 to 1.5% of the load to be treated, while the inoculant is added in a ratio of 0.1 to 0.15% of the weight of the load.
    The spheroidizer, whose function is to transfer its magnesium content to the iron that has the molten charge to facilitate the formation of spheroidal graphite carbon formation in the solidification phase, is of the FeSiMg type with a preferred composition within ranges between , 42-46% of Si; 1.7-2.2% of Ca; 0.6-0.9% of Al; 5-8% Mg; 0.5-1% of TR; and the remaining% Fe, as in the following components that will be defined later.
    On the other hand, the initial inoculant, whose main function as an inoculant is to increase the amount of eutectic cells in the phases prior to solidification, has a composition of 60-67% Si; 7-11% of Ba; 0.8-1.7% of Al; and 0.4-1.7% of Ca.
    Once the broth is mixed with these two agents, the mixture is allowed to act, obtaining a molten material with a composition of 3.8-4.15% C; 2.55-2.85% Si; 0.001 to 0.2% Mn; 0.001 to 0.025% of S; and 0.001-0.1% of P.
    The next step is that this molten material is poured from the treatment spoon directly into a casting spoon, and at the time of pouring a second vein inoculant is added, that is, in the broth stream that goes from a spoon to the other, and also added in a ratio of 0.1 to 0.15% of the weight of the molten charge. This second inoculant, with analogous function to the previous one, has a composition of 68-75% of Si; 1.2-2% Ca; 0.7-1.5% of Al; 0.30.8% of Bi; 0.1-0.6% of Ba; and 0.1-0.5% of TR or commonly referred to as rare earths.
    Prior to casting in the molds, a third inoculant is poured into the vein at the time of transfer of the casting spoon to the mold, also in a ratio of 0.1 to 0.15% of the weight of the molten load. This third and last inoculant has a composition of 62-69% of Si; 0.5-1.5% Ca; and 3.2-4.5% of Al.
    During the addition of this last inoculant, the resulting molten broth is cast into the molds, and as in any steel treatment, once this product solidifies it is separated from the mold or unmoulded, then the mazarot rupture and the trommel treatment are carried out , a manual shredding, followed by a thermal treatment to achieve the mechanical characteristics of resistance, hardness and toughness, after which the pieces are obtained in the rough state, having to clean them, eliminate possible burrs, classify them and perform the appropriate finishing operations.
    To complete the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, an drawing is attached as an integral part of it, in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:
    Figure 1 is a representation that schematically shows the different steps necessary in the process of obtaining nodular cast iron defined in the present invention.
    Description of a preferred embodiment
    In order to make the description of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 is taken into account, which schematically shows the different necessary steps:
    a) The initial stage consists in the reception of conventional materials (1) for smelting, such as ingots, ferroalloys, scrap, returns or pieces of iron, and the feeding of the melting furnace (2) with said material, in which the content of carbon equivalent is in the order of 3.8 to 5.2, obtaining a broth (3) of initial molten material; taking into account that the melting furnace (2) is an induction electric melting furnace.
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    b) Pouring the broth (3) into a treatment spoon (4), in which at the bottom of the spoon there is previously an inoculant (41) and a spheroidizer (42), that is, the broth is poured onto these two agents, in which the ratio with respect to the load of the spilled broth of inoculant (41) is 0.15% and of spheroidizer (42) of 1%. In turn, the inoculant (41) has a composition of 65% Si; 9% of Ba; 1.5% of Al; and 1% Ca; while the spheroidizer (42) is of the FeSiMg type with a composition of 44% Si; 2% Ca; 0.75% Al; 6.5% Mg; 0.9% of TR.
    As a result, a treated broth (31) is obtained with an environment composition of 3.84.15% C; 2.55-2.85% Si; 0.001 to 0.2% Mn; 0.001 to 0.025% of S; and 0.001-0.1% of P.
    c) Pouring the treated broth (31) from the treatment spoon (4) to a casting spoon (5), adding a second inoculant (51) into a vein, at a ratio of 0.15% of the weight of the molten load ; having this second inoculant (51) has a composition of 70% Si; 2% Ca; 1.25% of Al; 0.6% of Bi; 0.5% of Ba; and 0.4 of TR or commonly referred to as rare earths, generating after this mixture a molten intermediate broth (32);
    d) Pouring of the intermediate broth (32) molten to the mole (6) by adding a third inoculant (61) into a vein, in a ratio of 0.15% of the weight of the molten charge; having this third inoculant (61) a composition 66% of Si; 1% Ca; and 4% of Al; and generating after this mixture a molten final product (33);
    e) once said final product (33) solidifies, it is separated from the mold or unmold;
    f) thereafter we proceed to the rupture of the mazarots (7) and the treatment in the trommel (71);
    g) a manual shredding (8);
    h) followed by a thermal treatment (9); and finally
    i) the pieces are obtained in the raw state (34), having to clean them, eliminate possible burrs, classify them and carry out the appropriate operations to obtain the finished nodular cast material (35).
    Described sufficiently in what precedes the nature of the invention, the terms that have been drafted in this specification should be taken in a broad and non-limiting sense, as well as the description of how to put it into practice, and it should be taken into account that The essence of the aforementioned invention is what is specified below in the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
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    1. - Procedure for obtaining nodular cast iron, in which an installation with a melting furnace (2) of the electric induction type is required, with a treatment spoon (4) and with a casting spoon (5) with a configuration that avoids the contact of the broth with the oxygen; and in which starting from conventional foundry raw materials the procedure is characterized in that it is composed of the following stages:
    a) reception of conventional materials (1) for the melting and feeding of the melting furnace (2) with said materials, obtaining a broth (3) of initial molten material;
    b) pouring of the initial broth (3) into a treatment spoon (4), in which at the bottom of the spoon an initial inoculant (41) and a spheroidizer (42) are previously available, with a relation to the loading of the spilled broth of inoculant (41) of 0.1 to 0.15% and of spheroidizer (42) of 0.5 to 1.5%; obtaining a broth (31) treated with a composition of 3.8-4.15% C; 2.55-2.85% Si; 0.001 to 0.2% Mn; 0.001 to 0.025% of S; and 0.0010.1% of P;
    c) pouring the broth (31) from the treatment spoon (4) to a casting spoon (5) by adding a second inoculant (51) into a vein, in a ratio of 0.1 to 0.15% of the weight of the molten load; generating after this mixture a molten intermediate broth (32);
    d) Pouring of the intermediate broth (32) molten to the mole (6) by adding a third inoculant (61) into a vein, in a ratio of 0.1 to 0.15% of the weight of the molten charge; generating after this mixture a molten final product (33);
    e) demolding of said final product (33) once it solidifies;
    f) Tear breakage (7) and a thromel treatment (71);
    g) manual shredding (8);
    h) followed by a thermal treatment (9); and finally
    i) the pieces are obtained in the rough state (34), having to clean them eliminating possible burrs
    and performing the operations of obtaining the finished nodular molten material (35).
    [2]
    2. - Procedure for obtaining nodular cast iron, according to the characteristics of the
    claim 1, characterized in that the initial inoculant (41) has a composition of 6067% Si; 7-11% of Ba; 0.8-1.7% of Al; and 0.4-1.7% of Ca.
    [3]
    3. - Procedure for obtaining nodular cast iron, according to the characteristics of the
    claim 1, characterized in that the spheroidizer (42) is of the FeSiMg type with a composition of 42-46% Si; 1.7-2.2% of Ca; 0.6-0.9% of Al; 5-8% Mg; and 0.5-1% of TR.
    [4]
    4. - Procedure for obtaining nodular cast iron, according to the characteristics of the
    claim 1, characterized in that the second inoculant (51) has a composition of 68-75% Si; 1.2-2% Ca; 0.7-1.5% of Al; 0.3-0.8% of Bi; 0.1-0.6% of Ba; and 0.1-0.5% of TR.
    [5]
    5. - Procedure for obtaining nodular cast iron, according to the characteristics of the
    claim 1, characterized in that the third inoculant (51) has a composition of 6269% Si; 0.5-1.5% Ca; and 3.2-4.5% of Al.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    CN103556040A|2013-10-30|2014-02-05|青岛良力精铸有限公司|Preparation method of nodular cast iron alloy|
    CN103934422A|2014-04-08|2014-07-23|大丰市飞腾铸造机械有限公司|Casting process of abrasion-resistant low-porosity shot blasting machine vane|
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